Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in pediatric patients

Authors

  • Gerardo Fernández Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador
  • Josué Acosta Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v3i2.306

Keywords:

Coronavirus disease 2019-nCoV; Kawasaki disease; little boy; intravenous immunoglobulins

Abstract

Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (P-MIS) linked to SARS-CoV-2 is a generalized inflammatory reaction that develops approximately 4-6 weeks after COVID-19 illness. The aim of the article was to analyze the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of P-MIS. A systematic literature review was performed using databases such as Embase, Redalyc, LILACS, SciELO, Springer, Elsevier, EBSCO and Google Scholar and the keywords: Coronavirus disease, Kawasaki disease, child, intravenous immunoglobulins. Inclusion criteria were: full articles, published between the years 2019-2022, in English and Spanish. Of the 273 articles found, 243 articles were rejected for not meeting the established criteria, with 30 articles selected as eligible. According to the results, SIM-P is characterized by fever, myocardial injury, shock and development of coronary artery aneurysms; laboratory tests show: elevation of markers of inflammation, changes in coagulation tests, especially significant elevation of D-dimer and fibrinogen and elevation of markers of myocardial injury, troponin and natriuretic peptide. Phase 1 treatment occurs with the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG), corticosteroids, low molecular weight heparin in a prophylactic dose; in phase 2, treatment consists of administration of a second dose of IVIG, progressive reduction of prednisone and use of biological therapy; and, in phase 3, infliximab or tocilizumab is used. In conclusion, SIM-P has elevated inflammatory markers and multi-organ involvement, with no associated bacterial diagnosis, with evidence of infection or recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Author Biographies

Gerardo Fernández, Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador

Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador

Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de ciencias de la Salud

Josué Acosta, Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador

Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador

Carrera de Medicina - Facultad de ciencias de la Salud.

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Published

2022-04-30

How to Cite

Fernández, G. ., & Acosta, J. (2022). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(2), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v3i2.306

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Section

Continuous flow- Articles, Essays, Professional Case Studies