Propulsion system for a hybrid electric vehicle with energy storage by regenerative braking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v3i6.480Keywords:
Fuel cell, batteries, supercapacitors, storage, electric motorAbstract
Predictive control systems are widely used in industry today. The economic predictive control system allows to include in the cost function the data of each of the control subsystems. In the present work, using the economic predictive control methodology EMPC, two sources of energy storage such as supercapacitors and batteries are taken, which complement the hydrogen propulsion system by means of an electric motor. By using regenerative braking, the energy that would be converted into heat can be absorbed, and by fulfilling the power and energy equation, the driving profiles are met. Several scenarios are taken into account and the chosen profile for the light mass vehicle is the NEDC (new European driving cycle). In the scenarios with different control weights, the profiles are fulfilled with each of the sources and the percentages of energy absorption are represented by the balance of forces.
References
Sieminski, A. (2013). International energy outlook 2013. US Energy Information Administration (EIA) Report Number: DOE/EIA-0484.
Darío, B. C. I., Arrieta, A. A., Cadavid, F. J., & Pareja, J. A. (2007). Efecto del grado de carga y la cantidad del combustible piloto en el comportamiento mecánico ambiental de un motor dual diésel-biogás para generación de electricidad. Rev. Fac. ing. Univ. Antioquia, (42), 79-93.
ARELLANO ORTIZ, G. A. (2011). Implantación de análisis de aceite en motores de combustión interna de ciclo diésel (Doctoral dissertation).
Melo Espinosa, E. A., Sánchez Borroto, Y., Ferrer Frontela, N., & Ferrer Frontela, N. (2012). Evaluación de un motor de encendido por chispa trabajando con mezclas etanol-gasolina. Ingeniería Energética, 33(2), 94-102.
García, J., Ruiz, L. I., Fernández, M., & Alcaraz, A. (2009). Servicios principales para producir combustibles de alta calidad en PEMEX. Boletín IIE, edición abril-junio del, 33(2), 0185-0059.
Gil, S. (2012). Eficiencia energética en el transporte.
Guzzella, L., & Onder, C. (2009). Introduction to modeling and control of internal combustion engine systems. Springer Science & Business Media.
Bayindir, K., Gözüküçük, A., Teke, A. (2011). A comprehensive overview of hybrid electric vehicle: Powertrain configurations, powertrain control techniques and electronic control units. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(2), 1305-1313.
Xu, N., Zhang, Y., Fu, Z., Zhao, D., Chu, L., & Zhou, F. (2015, April). Investigation of Topologies and Control Strategies of Fuel Cell Vehicles. In2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Atlantis Press.
Zheng, C. H., Xu, G. Q., Park, Y. I., Lim, W. S., & Cha, S. W. (2014). Comparison of PMP and DP in fuel cell hybrid vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 15(1), 117-123.
Haitao, Y., Yulan, Z., Zunnian, L., & Kui, H. (2013). LQR-Based Power Train Control Method Design for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013.
Azib, T., Hemsas, K. E., & Larouci, C. (2014). Energy Management and Control Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Fuel Cell Power Sources. International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 7(6), 935-944.
Rawlings, J. B., Angeli, D., & Bates, C. N. (2012, December). Fundamentals of economic model predictive control. In Decision and Control (CDC), 2012 IEEE 51st Annual Conference on (pp. 3851-3861). IEEE
Rosero Beltrán, J. L. (2012). Estrategia de control de modelo predictivo para el despacho y almacenamiento de energía renovable en sistemas híbridos.
Hofman, T., Steinbuch, M., van Druten, R. M., & Serrarens, A. F. A. (2008, July). Rule-based equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategies for hybrid vehicles. In Proceedings of the 17th IFAC World Congress (pp. 5652-5657).
Chen, B. C., Wu, Y. Y., & Tsai, H. C. (2014). Design and analysis of power management strategy for range extended electric vehicle using dynamic programming. Applied Energy, 113, 1764-1774.
Stockar, S., Marano, V., Canova, M., Rizzoni, G., & Guzzella, L. (2011). Energy-optimal control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for real-world driving cycles. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 60(7), 2949-2962.
Fambrini, V., & Ocampo Martínez, C. A. (2009). Modelling and decentralized Model Predictive Control of drinking water networks.
Arnett, M. (2005). Modeling and Simulation of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle for the Challenge X Competition.
Hong, C. H. E. N., Xun, G. O. N. G., Yun-Feng, H. U., Qi-Fang, L. I. U., Bing-Zhao, G. A. O., & Hong-Yan, G. U. O. (2013). Automotive control: the state of the art and perspective. Acta Automatica Sinica, 39(4), 322-346.
Mosquet X, Devineni M, Mezger T, et al. Powering autos to 2020: the era of the electric car. Boston Consult Group 2011.
Chan, C. C., Bouscayrol, A., & Chen, K. (2010). Electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles: Architectures and modeling. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 59(2), 589-598.
Camara, M. B., Gualous, H., Gustin, F., Berthon, A., & Dakyo, B. (2010). DC/DC converter design for supercapacitor and battery power management in hybrid vehicle applications—Polynomial control strategy. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 57(2), 587-597.
Husain, I. (2011). Electric and hybrid vehicles: design fundamentals. CRC press.
Egardt, B., Murgovski, N., Pourabdollah, M., & Johannesson Mardh, L. (2014). Electromobility studies based on convex optimization: Design and control issues regarding vehicle electrification. Control Systems, IEEE, 34(2), 32-49.
Borhan, H., Vahidi, A., Phillips, A. M., Kuang, M. L., Kolmanovsky, I. V., & Di Cairano, S. (2012). MPC-based energy management of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle. Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 20(3), 593-603.
Ripaccioli, G., Bernardini, D., Di Cairano, S., Bemporad, A., & Kolmanovsky, I. V. (2010, June). A stochastic model predictive control approach for series hybrid electric vehicle power management. In American Control Conference (ACC), 2010 (pp. 5844-5849). IEEE.
Barsali, S., Ceraolo, M., Giglioli, R., & Poli, D. (2015). Storage applications for Smartgrids. Electric Power Systems Research, 120, 109-117.
Feroldi, D., Serra, M., & Riera, J. (2009). Energy management strategies based on efficiency map for fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Journal of Power Sources, 190 (2), 387-401.
Khaligh, A., & Li, Z. (2010). Battery, ultracapacitor, fuel cell, and hybrid energy storage systems for electric, hybrid electric, fuel cell, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: State of the art. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 59(6), 2806-2814.
Payman, A., Pierfederici, S., Meibody-Tabar, F., & Davat, B. (2011). An adapted control strategy to minimize DC-bus capacitors of a parallel fuel cell/ultracapacitor hybrid system. Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,26(12), 3843-3852.
Lin, W. S., & Zheng, C. H. (2011). Energy management of a fuel cell/ultracapacitor hybrid power system using an adaptive optimal-control method. Journal of Power Sources, 196(6), 3280-3289.
R. Halvgaard, D. E. M. Bondy, F. Marra, N. K. Poulsen, H. Madsen, and J. B. Jørgensen Electric Vehicle charge planning using Economic Model Predictive Control Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), 2012.
Zanon, M., Gros, S., & Diehl, M. (2014). Indefinite linear MPC and approximated economic MPC for nonlinear systems. Journal of Process Control, 24(8), 1273-1281.
Kalmari, J., Backman, J., & Visala, A. (2015). A toolkit for nonlinear model predictive control using gradient projection and code generation. Control Engineering Practice, 39, 56-66.
Unger, J., Kozek, M., & Jakubek, S. (2015). Nonlinear model predictive energy management controller with load and cycle prediction for non-road HEV. Control Engineering Practice, 36, 120-132.
Kermani, S., Delprat, S., Guerra, T. M., Trigui, R., & Jeanneret, B. (2012). Predictive energy management for hybrid vehicle. Control Engineering Practice, 20(4), 408-420.
Kim NW, Cha SW, Peng H. Optimal control of hybrid electric vehicles based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 2011; 19:1279e87.
Zheng, C. H., Kim, N. W., & Cha, S. W. (2012). Optimal control in the power management of fuel cell hybrid vehicles. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37(1), 655-663.
Di Giorgio, A., Liberati, F., & Canale, S. (2014). Electric vehicles charging control in a smart grid: A model predictive control approach. Control Engineering Practice, 22, 147-162.
Sezer, V., Gokasan, M., & Bogosyan, S. (2011). A novel ECMS and combined cost map approach for high-efficiency series hybrid electric vehicles. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 60(8), 3557-3570.
Sorrentino, M., Rizzo, G., & Arsie, I. (2011). Analysis of a rule-based control strategy for on-board energy management of series hybrid vehicles. Control Engineering Practice, 19(12), 1433-1441.
Rajamani, R. (2011). Vehicle dynamics and control. Springer Science & Business Media.
Lee, J., & Angeli, D. (2014). Cooperative economic model predictive control for linear systems with convex objectives. European Journal of Control, 20(3), 141-151.
Lao, L., Ellis, M., & Christofides, P. D. (2014). Economic model predictive control of parabolic PDE systems: Addressing state estimation and computational efficiency. Journal of Process Control, 24(4), 448-462.
Ferramosca, A., Limon, D., & Camacho, E. F. (2014). Economic MPC for a changing economic criterion for linear systems.
Heidarinejad, M., Liu, J., & Christofides, P. D. (2012). Economic model predictive control of nonlinear process systems using Lyapunov techniques. AIChE Journal, 58(3), 855-870.
Lucia, S., Andersson, J. A., Brandt, H., Diehl, M., & Engell, S. (2014). Handling uncertainty in economic nonlinear model predictive control: A comparative case study. Journal of Process Control, 24(8), 1247-1259.
Hredzak, B., Agelidis, V. G., & Demetriades, G. (2015). Application of explicit model predictive control to a hybrid battery-ultracapacitor power source. Journal of Power Sources, 277, 84-94.
Bambang, R. T., Rohman, A. S., Dronkers, C. J., Ortega, R., & Sasongko, A. (2014). Energy Management of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Power Sources Using Model Predictive Control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(4), 1992-2002.
Li, S., Li, K., Rajamani, R., & Wang, J. (2011). Model predictive multi-objective vehicular adaptive cruise control. Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 19(3), 556-566.
El Fadil, H., Giri, F., Guerrero, J. M., & Tahri, A. (2014). Modeling and Nonlinear Control of a Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 63(7), 3011-3018.
Borhan, H. A., Zhang, C., Vahidi, A., Phillips, A. M., Kuang, M. L., & Di Cairano, S. (2010, December). Nonlinear model predictive control for power-split hybrid electric vehicles. In Decision and Control (CDC), 2010 49th IEEE Conference on (pp. 4890-4895). IEEE.
Van der Meulen, S., de Jager, B., Veldpaus, F., & Steinbuch, M. (2014). Combining extremum seeking control and tracking control for high-performance CVT operation. Control Engineering Practice, 29, 86-102.
Hredzak, B., Agelidis, V. G., & Demetriades, G. D. (2014). A low complexity control system for a hybrid DC power source based on ultracapacitor–lead–acid battery configuration. Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 29(6), 2882-2891.
Zandi, M., Payman, A., Martin, J. P., Pierfederici, S., Davat, B., & Meibody-Tabar, F. (2010, September). Flatness based control of a hybrid power source with fuel cell/supercapacitor/battery. In Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). Atlanta, GA, USA: IEEE (pp. 1629-1634).
Sarioglu, I. L., Klein, O. P., Schroder, H., & Kucukay, F. (2012). Energy management for fuel-cell hybrid vehicles based on specific fuel consumption due to load shifting. Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 13(4), 1772-1781.
Thounthong, P., Piegari, L., Pierfederici, S., & Davat, B. (2015). Nonlinear intelligent DC grid stabilization for fuel cell vehicle applications with a supercapacitor storage device. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 64, 723-733.
Feroldi, D. (2009). CONTROL AND DESIGN OF PEM FUEL CELL-BASED SYSTEMS. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Doctoral, Thesis.
W. Henson. Optimal battery/ultracapacitor storage combination. Journal of Power Sources, 2008
D. Friedman and R. Moore. PEM fuel cell system optimization. In Proceedings Electrochemical Society, volume 27, pages 407–423, 1998.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Marco Julio Salazar Nájera , José Luis Sampietro Saquicela
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
