Index of the cycle of money: the case of Costa Rica

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v4i3.620

Keywords:

the cycle of money, Costa Rica, index of the cycle of money

Abstract

The paper aims at determining, in a real-case scenario such as Costa Rica's economic system, how the theoretical basis of the money cycle plays out. The Money Cycle Index takes into account how well a country's economic structure is set up and what kind of financial model it needs to respond to the monetary crisis. Costa Rica's index of the cycle of money calculations is compared to the average global index of the cycle of money. This indicates that Costa Rica is in line with the global average, thus being a good economy, which could be at risk of falling into recession. The methodology shall conform to the theory, mathematics, statistics, and econometrics results. The work is efficient, as it demonstrates the strength of Costa Rica's economy. The application of the theory of the cycle of money to a country's economy has resulted in these results. These are the previous case scenarios from Latvia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Thailand, and Greece. This theory states that to improve the distribution of resources between the economy and smaller companies covering other economic sectors, businesses with a high level of capital should take an interest in manufacturing and technology areas where taxes are lower. The global recession period from 2012 to 2017 shall be used as a basis for compilations., by the Q.E. technique

Author Biography

Constantinos Challoumis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.). Department of Economics

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.). Department of Economics. Researcher and PhD in Economics – NKUA, Greece.

References

Acs, Z. J., & Szerb, L. (2007). Entrepreneurship, economic growth and public policy. Small Business Economics, 28(2–3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-9012-3

Altman, M. (2012). Behavioral Economics, Economic Theory and Public Policy. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1152105

Amanor-Boadu, V., Pfromm, P. H., & Nelson, R. (2014). Economic feasibility of algal biodiesel under alternative public policies. Renewable Energy, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.11.029

Anguera-Torrell, O., Aznar-Alarcón, J. P., & Vives-Perez, J. (2020). COVID-19: hotel industry response to the pandemic evolution and to the public sector economic measures. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1826225

Arbel, Y., Fialkoff, C., & Kerner, A. (2019). Public policy for reducing tax evasion: implications of the Yule–Simpson paradox. Applied Economics Letters, 26(13). https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1537471

Awareness of Tobacco Tax Policy and Public Opinion on Tobacco Tax Reform in Taiwan. (2020). Asian Pacific Journal of Health Economics and Policy. https://doi.org/10.6011/apj.2020.03

Azzone, G. (2018). Big data and public policies: Opportunities and challenges. Statistics and Probability Letters, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2018.02.022

Baldwin, R., Forslid, R., Martin, P., Ottaviano, G., & Robert-Nicoud, F. (2011). Economic geography and public policy. In Economic Geography and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlecg/lbh045

Bartels, L. M. (2005). Homer Gets a Tax Cut: Inequality and Public Policy in the American Mind. Perspectives on Politics, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592705050036

Bento, a. (2009). Biofuels: Economic and public policy considerations. Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Implications of Changing Land Use, in RW Howarth and S. Bringezu (Eds.), September 2008.

Berg, A., Markey-Towler, B., & Novak, M. (2020). Blockchains: Less government, more market. Journal of Private Enterprise, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3301714

Bowling, S. J., Boyland, L. G., & Kirkeby, K. M. (2019). Property Tax Cap Policy in Indiana and Implications for Public School Funding Equity. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.22230/ijepl.2019v15n9a881

Burstein, P. (2020). The Determinants of Public Policy: What Matters and How Much. Policy Studies Journal, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12243

Castro, E., & Scartascini, C. (2019). Imperfect Attention in Public Policy: A Field Experiment During a Tax Amnesty in Argentina. IDB Discussion Paper, April.

Challoumis, C. (2018a). Identification of Significant Economic Risks to the International Controlled Transactions. Economics and Applied Informatics, 2018(3), 149–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26397/eai1584040927

Challoumis, C. (2018b). THE IMPACT FACTOR OF HEALTH ON THE ECONOMY USING THE CYCLE OF MONEY. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, 11(60), 125–136. http://rs.unitbv.ro/Bulletin/Series V/2018/BULETIN I/15_Challoumis.pdf

Challoumis, C. (2018c). THE KEYNESIAN THEORY AND THE THEORY OF CYCLE OF MONEY. Hyperion Economic Journal, 6(3), 3–8. https://hej.hyperion.ro/articles/3(6)_2018/HEJ nr3(6)_2018_A1Challoumis.pdf

Challoumis, C. (2018d). The Role of Risk to the International Controlled Transactions. Economics and Applied Informatics, 2018(3), 57–64. https://doi.org/I https://doi.org/10.26397/eai1584040917

Challoumis, C. (2019a). Journal Association “SEPIKE” Edition 25, October, 2019. Journal Association SEPIKE, 2019(25), 12–21. https://5b925ea6-3d4e-400b-b5f3-32dc681218ff.filesusr.com/ugd/b199e2_dd29716b8bec48ca8fe7fbcfd47cdd2e.pdf

Challoumis, C. (2019b). The arm’s length principle and the fixed length principle economic analysis. World Scientific News, 115(2019), 207–217. http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/WSN-115-2019-207-217.pdf

Challoumis, C. (2019c). The Impact Factor of Education on the Public Sector and International Controlled Transactions. Complex System Research Centre, 2019, 151–160. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350453451_The_Impact_Factor_of_Education_on_the_Public_Sector_and_International_Controlled_Transactions

Challoumis, C. (2019d). The R.B.Q. (Rational, Behavioral and Quantified) Model. Ekonomika, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2019.1.1

Challoumis, C. (2019e). Theoretical analysis of fuzzy logic and Q. E. method in econo­mics. IKBFU’s Vestnik, 2019(01), 59–68. https://doi.org/330.42

Challoumis, C. (2019f). Transfer Pricing Methods for Services and the Policy of Fixed Length Principle. Economics and Business, 33(1), 222–232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0016

Challoumis, C. (2020). Impact Factor of Capital to the Economy and Tax System. Complex System Research Centre, 2020, 195–200. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350385990_Impact_Factor_of_Capital_to_the_Economy_and_Tax_System

Challoumis, C. (2021a). Chain of cycle of money. Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis, 24(2).

Challoumis, C. (2021b). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Greece. IJBESAR (International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research), 14(2).

Challoumis, C. (2021c). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Serbia. OPEN JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS (OJRE), 4(1). https://centerprode.com/ojre.html

Challoumis, C. (2021d). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Slovakia. S T U D I A C O M M E R C I A L I A B R A T I S L A V E N S I A Ekonomická Univerzita v Bratislave, 14(49), 176–188.

Challoumis, C. (2021e). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Thailand. Chiang Mai University Journal of Economics, 25(2).

Challoumis, C. (2021f). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Ukraine. Actual Problems of Economics, 243(9).

Challoumis, C. (2021g). Index of the cycle of money -the case of Bulgaria. Economic Alternatives, 27(2). https://www.unwe.bg/eajournal/en

Challoumis, C. (2022). Index of the cycle of money - the case of Poland. Research Papers in Economics and Finance, 6(1).

Challoumis, C. (2023). Utility of Cycle of Money without the Escaping Savings (Protection of the Economy). In Social and Economic Studies within the Framework of Emerging Global Developments Volume 2, V. Kaya.

Cornelsen, L., & Smith, R. D. (2018). Viewpoint: Soda taxes – Four questions economists need to address. Food Policy, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.12.003

Crisis, institutional innovation and change management: Thoughts from the Greek case. (2019). Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1453/jepe.v6i1.1854

Cruce, J. R., & Quinn, J. C. (2019). Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies. Applied Energy, 233–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.046

Domingues, J. M., & Pecorelli-Pere, L. A. (2013). Electric vehicles, energy efficiency, taxes, and public policy in Brazil. LAW AND BUSINESS REVIEW OF THE AMERICAS, 19(55).

dos Santos Benso Maciel, L., Bonatto, B. D., Arango, H., & Arango, L. G. (2020). Evaluating public policies for fair social tariffs of electricity in Brazil by using an economic market model. Energies, 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184811

Erickson, K. (2016). Defining the public domain in economic terms - approaches and consequences for policy. In Etikk i Praksis (Vol. 10, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v10i1.1951

Ewert, B., Loer, K., & Thomann, E. (2021). Beyond nudge: advancing the state-of-the-art of behavioural public policy and administration. Policy and Politics, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320X15987279194319

Fan, Y., Yang, S., & Jia, P. (2020). Preferential Tax Policies: An Invisible Hand behind Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.139

Franko, W., Tolbert, C. J., & Witko, C. (2013). Inequality, Self-Interest, and Public Support for “Robin Hood” Tax Policies. Political Research Quarterly, 66(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912913485441

Giglio, C., Musmanno, R., & Palmieri, R. (2021). Cycle logistics projects in Europe: Intertwining bike-related success factors and region-specific public policies with economic results. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041578

Hai, D. . (2016). Process of Public Policy Formulation in Developing Countries. Public Policy, C.

Haigh, Y. (2020). Increasing complexities: Teaching public policy in the age of discontent. Teaching Public Administration, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0144739419879483

Haskel, J., & Westlake, S. (2021). Capitalism without capital: The rise of the intangible economy (an excerpt). Ekonomicheskaya Sotsiologiya, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2021-1-61-70

Johnston, C. D., & Ballard, A. O. (2016). Economists and public opinion: Expert consensus and economic policy judgments. Journal of Politics, 78(2). https://doi.org/10.1086/684629

Kalambokidis, L. (2014). Creating public value with tax and spending policies: The view from public economics. Public Administration Review, 74(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12162

Kiktenko, O. V. (2020). ECONOMIC FEATURES OF PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM. State and Regions. Series: Economics and Business, 2 (113). https://doi.org/10.32840/1814-1161/2020-2-30

Korenik, D., & Wegrzyn, M. (2020). Public policy timing in a sustainable approach to shaping public policy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072677

Marenco, A., Strohschoen, M. T. B., & Joner, W. (2017). Capacidade estatal, burocracia e tributação nos municípios brasileiros. Revista de Sociologia e Politica, 25(64). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987317256401

McIsaac, J. L. D., & Riley, B. L. (2020). Engaged scholarship and public policy decision-making: A scoping review. In Health Research Policy and Systems (Vol. 18, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00613-w

Menguy, S. (2020). Tax competition, fiscal policy, and public debt levels in a monetary union. Journal of Economic Integration, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2020.35.3.353

Miailhe, N. (2017). Economic, Social and Public Policy Opportunities enabled by Automation. Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions, Special Issue 17.

Mohindra, K. S. (2007). Healthy public policy in poor countries: Tackling macro-economic policies. In Health Promotion International (Vol. 22, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dam008

Muñoz, O. G., & Flores, M. C. (2020). Basic principles of economic policy and public decision in the 21st century. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.1.21.31

Nayak, B. S. (2019). Reconceptualising Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in global public policy. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-04-2018-0041

Ng, Y. K. (2018). Ten rules for public economic policy. Economic Analysis and Policy, 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2018.01.002

Nowicki, H. (2019). Economic policies, objectives, and principles of the system of public procurement law. Studia Iuridica Toruniensia, 23. https://doi.org/10.12775/sit.2018.035

Olcina, G., Tur, E. M., & Escriche, L. (2020). Cultural transmission and persistence of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 54(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0089-2

Omrani, H., Modroiu, M., Lenzi, J., Omrani, B., Said, Z., Suhrcke, M., Tchicaya, A., Nguyen, N., & Parmentier, B. (2021). COVID-19 in Europe: Dataset at a sub-national level. Data in Brief, 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106939

Ortún, V., López-Valcárcel, B. G., & Pinilla, J. (2016). El impuesto sobre bebidas azucaradas en España. Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 90.

Pircher, B. (2020). EU public procurement policy: the economic crisis as trigger for enhanced harmonisation. Journal of European Integration, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1666114

Rasmussen, K., & Callan, D. (2016). Schools of public policy and executive education: An opportunity missed? Policy and Society, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2016.12.002

Reeves, P., Edmunds, K., Searles, A., & Wiggers, J. (2019). Economic evaluations of public health implementation-interventions: a systematic review and guideline for practice. In Public Health (Vol. 169). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.01.012

Ribašauskiene, E., Šumyle, D., Volkov, A., Baležentis, T., Streimikiene, D., & Morkunas, M. (2019). Evaluating public policy support for agricultural cooperatives. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143769

Russo Rafael, R. de M., Neto, M., de Carvalho, M. M. B., Leal David, H. M. S., Acioli, S., & de Araujo Faria, M. G. (2020). Epidemiology, public policies and covid-19 pandemics in Brazil: What can we expect? Revista Enfermagem, 28. https://doi.org/10.12957/REUERJ.2020.49570

Stern, N. (2015). Economic development, climate and values: Making policy. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1812). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0820

Strassheim, H. (2019). Behavioural mechanisms and public policy design: Preventing failures in behavioural public policy. Public Policy and Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076719827062

Swanstrom, T. (2019). Coping with adversity: Regional economic resilience and public policy. Journal of Urban Affairs, 41(8). https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2019.1575151

Swanstrom, T., Dreier, P., & Mollenkopf, J. (2002). Economic Inequality and Public Policy: The Power of Place. City & Community, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00030

Tummers, L. (2019). Public Policy and Behavior Change. Public Administration Review, 79(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13109

Ud Din, M., Mangla, I. U., & Jamil, M. (2016). Public Policy, Innovation and Economic Growth: An Economic and Technological Perspective on Pakistan’s Telecom Industry. THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 21(Special Edition). https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2016.v21.isp.a16

Victral, D. M., Grossi, L. B., Ramos, A. M., & Gontijo, H. M. (2020). Economic sustainability of water supply public policy in Brazil semiarid regions. Research, Society and Development, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i6.3435

Waardenburg, M., Groenleer, M., & De Jong, J. (2020). Designing environments for experimentation, learning and innovation in public policy and governance. Policy and Politics, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1332/030557319X15586040837640

Williamson, A. K., & Luke, B. (2020). Agenda-setting and Public Policy in Private Foundations. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2019-0049

Δεμερτζή, Μ. (2019). Ενδοομιλικές Συναλλαγές. In Πανεπιστήμιο Μακεδονίας.

Πυλοστόμου, Ε. (2016). Πως επηρέασε η οικονομική κρίση από το 2009 εώς το 2014 τις μικρομεσαίες επιχειρήσεις. Μελέτη περίπτωσης. Σχολή Διοίκησης Και Οικονομίας - Μεσολλόγι.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-20

How to Cite

Challoumis, C. (2023). Index of the cycle of money: the case of Costa Rica. Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(3), e23041. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v4i3.620

Issue

Section

Economic & Social Sciences - Original Articles